The problem: when attempting to join a domain, this error occurs after you have entered your username and password with permission to join the domain:

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Network Identification
The Following error occurred attempting to join domain "example.com":
The network location can not be reached. For information about network troubleshooting, see Windows Help.
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or

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Network path not found.
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Reason: Services TCP / IP NetBIOS Helper Service is not running on the client computer. It's very possible that Windows to be changed manually or with software optimization!

Solution: Restore Service TCP / IP NetBIOS Helper Service is following these steps:

1) Log on to your computer using an administrator account (even local);
2) Click Start, click Run and then type services.msc in the Open command. Click OK.
3) The list of services double click on TCP / IP NetBIOS Helper Service.
4) In the Startup list, click Automatic and then click Apply.
5) In Service Status, click Start to start the TCP / IP NetBIOS Helper Service.
6) After starting the service, click OK and then close the window Windows service management.

Source: http://support.microsoft.com